Direct-acting engine



(No Model.)

J. G. LEYNER.

DIRECT ACTING ENGINE.

Wit/meow@ m43 @Hoz UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

JOHN GEORGE LEYNER, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

DIRECT-ACTING ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,430, dated November 14, 1893. Application filed December 19I 1892.. Serial No. 455.676. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN GEORGE LEYNER, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Denver, in the county of Arapahoe and State of Colorado,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Direct-Act-` ing Engines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in direct acting engines generally, and particularly to rock drills in which the valve is operated by pressure applied and4 relieved alternately to its ends, the opposite ends of the valve cylinder being connected directly or indirectly with the atmosphere by the reciprocating action of the piston.

The objects of my invention are,` irst, to provide a balanced valve; second, to provide a valve that will automatically cushion the piston on the back stroke; third, to provide a valve that will assure positive action' of the piston in all positions. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated and described in the accompanying drawings and specification, in which Figure l represents a longitudinal vertical section through the center of a cylinder, valve chest, and a piston head and rod, showing my improved valve partially in section and partially in elevation, the sectionv being taken through the center of Fig. 2 on line A. Fig. 2 represents a plan of same'with valve chest removed to show the direction of the ports. Fig. 3 represents a bottom view of the valve chest. Fig. 4 represents aA transverse vertical section through Figs. l, 2 and 3 on line B. Fig. 5 represents a bottom view of the valve.

Similar letters refer to similar partsthrou ghout the several views.

Referringto Fig. 1, O designates a cylinder Which is provided with heads C', rubber buffers O2, and washers O3, these being part of the usual equipment of a rock drill cylinder. The cylinder is fitted with a piston D, which is provided with the usual packing rings D',

and a'piston rod D2, which usually forms a part of the piston, and which extends through the front head and is adapted to receive the drill. On the body of the piston D, I form a number of circumferential grooves ID3, ve being preferably shown, the central lone, D5, being wider than the others. The said grooves naturally form a'nu'mber of collars D4, which operate in conjunction with the valve and ports in a manner which will be hereinafter fully described.

E, designates a cylindrical valve chest formed with a bottom flange E which is secured by bolts to a raised flat surface in the center of the cylinder O. The exhaust port F, is located centrally in the bottom of the valve chest and extends directly through into the cylinder, and into a circumferential recess G formed in the bore of the same. In the bottom of said cylinder this recess is intersected by a'recess H, crossing it and extending along the bottom of the cylinder to a point even With the valve cylinder exhaust ports I and J, which like the exhaust port F, extend from. the chest directly into the cylinder. Two passages, K and L, lead from the exhaust port to the atmosphere. They pass around the holes I and J to the openings M, either one of which may be used, and the other closed, as'shown in Fig. 2.

N, and O, designate the induction ports. The induction port N, which is in the front end E2, of the valve chest, passes around the exhaust port F, see Fig. 2, to the rear end E3, of the cylinder, While the induction port O, which is the rearport of the valve chest, leads to the front end of the cylinder. This arrangement of the ports enables me to secure quick and positive action on the rear end of the piston before the valve starts, which is of great value, especially when drilling up holes. It also'operates to cushion the piston as the port N, is opened a trifle before the piston completes its back stroke. The valve chest E, is bored completely through from end to. end. The ends are slightly counterbored and threaded to receive the threaded chest heads P, which are provided with a hub adapted to receive a wrench to turn the said heads into place. A rubber buffer Q, and a metalplate R, are secured to the inner end of each head.

IOO

They operate to cushionvthe valve at each end of its stroke. At the top of the valve chest an inlet hub S, is arranged transversely to the axis of the chest and opens into the top ofthe Valve cylinder. The valveT has cylindrical hanged ends U, fitting closely the valve chest.

Through the web of each end is drilled'a small hole V, forming direct communication between the steam space of the valve and the ends of the valve chest. The central portion of the valve, W, is in the forni ot' a semicircle which coincides with the ports "of the chest, it being provided centrally in the bottom with an exhaust recess V. Between this central portion and the ends U, recesses or ports are formed with hanged edges through which steam or air passes to the induction y ports N, and O with which they alternately coincide. It will be noticed that the form of the central portion of the valve gives a large steam space between its ends. A slot X is formed in one side of the semicircular portion WV, parallel with the axis of the valve. In this slot extends the end of a screw or pin Y, which is secured centrally in the side of the valve chest. It operates to keep the valve in alignment with the ports as it recprocates yin the valve chest.

A.The operation is as follows: The elastic huid enters the steam chest through the opening Z into the central portion of the valve which it surrounds. It then enters the cylinder through the ports N, and O, and leaves the cylinder by the way of one of these ports into the exhaust port V', of the valve, and

,through the exhaust port F, to the atmosjphere, the .operation so far being similar to g all common engines.

The most important ifeature however, of my valve is the fact that it always occupies the same end of the chest as; the piston does of the cylinder, as shown injFig. l, which is accomplished by the novel arrangement of ports herein illustrated.

By reference to Fig. 1 it will be noticed that the valve is at the extreme end of its back stroke and also that the piston is in the *same position. ,The induction port N, which istheV front port in the chest and which leads to the rear end of the cylinder is wide open, which allows the huid to act immediately on "thelpiston, forcing it forward. Meanwhile the said huid is passing through the little yholesV of the valve into both ends of the valve chest, and as it cannot escape owing t0 both exhaust poi-ts I and J being-closed,

1 one by the valve itself and the other by the piston, the valve is balanced, and conse- 1quently stationary, and remains so until the "piston moves forward and the circumferential recesses D, and collars D4, of the piston quickly uncover and close the exhaust port J, as they pass it, which operates to relieve that end of the valve of pressure gradually,

until it reaches the central recess D5, which being larger, completes the exhaust, and gives a quick but easy stroke to the valve, which is now forced by pressure on its opposite end to make its stroke. 'The expansive fluid which flows through the port I, into the said recesses D3, of the said piston, enters the longitudinal recess H, formed in the bottom of the cylinder bore, and hows from it through the circumferential recess Gr to the exhaust port F, and thence to the atmosphere. It is obvious that the valve always occupies the saine end of the valve chest as the piston does that of the cylinder, and that the piston moves before the valve, and controls the action of the valve, which is balanced. This insures positive action of the piston in all positions, and prevents any possibility of the piston failing to act, either in an up or down hole, which is a great fault in the rock drills and sinking pumps at present in use.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A valve having cylindrical hanged ends htting closely a cylindrical valve chest anda semicircular hanged central portion'adapted to coincide with the ports of said chest, and provided with an exhaust recess having semicircular recesses or ports formed between the said central portion and the said ends, arranged to coincide alternately with said ports and having through the web of said hanged ends a hole or holes adapted to make huid connection between the center of the valve and ends of chest, and having a slotformed in the side of the central portion of the valve and a pin or screw extending through the side of said chest freelyinto said slot to preserve its alignment, as hereinspecilied.

2. The combination in a cylindrical valve chest provided with threaded heads adapted to screw intoeach end, and bueis operating as cushion for the valve, and ports leading to the cylinder and atmosphere, avalve chest exhaust ports, with a valve-having cylindrical hanged ends vfitting closelyv the saidchest and reciprocating therein 4on a screw or pin attached to the said chest and extending into a slot formedy inthe side of'said-valve operating to preserve its alignment inthe chest; having a hole through eachend of the valve communicating with the'ends of saidlchest, and a semicircular hangedbody and recesses adapted to coincide with the port of said chest, as herein'specihed.

3. A cylinder having a circumferential recess in its bore connecting with the exhaust port, and a longitudinal recess in the bottom intersecting the said circumferential recess, as specified.

4. The combination with a cylinder having a circumferential recess in its `bore connecting with the exhaust port, and a longitudinal recess in the bottom intersecting the said circumferential recess, a piston'having a number of circumferential grooves and a number of collars between saidgrooves, and exhaust ports communicating with the said cylinder and the ends of the valve chest, and a valve IIO arranged to moveby pressure acting on its end, as herein specified.

5. AThe combination with a cylinder and valve chest, a circumferential recess' in the bore of the cylinder connecting with the exhaust port, and a longitudinal recess in the cylinder intersecting'the same, and extending even with exhaust ports connecting the cylinder with the valve chest; of induction ports having the front port of the valve chest lead to the rearend of the cylinder and the rear port ofl said chest lead to the front end of the cylinder, of a piston having 'a number of circumferential grooves yand collars, 'of a valve having cylindrical hanged ends fitting closely a cylindrical Valvechest and holes through the Webs of said ends, and a semi-circular central portion adapted to coincide with said ports, and a screw projecting through the chestinto a slot in the side of saidvalve, 2o

piston D and the valve T, and the chest E,

the combination-operating to positively start the piston while the valve is stationary, to

balance the valve, to operate the valve automatically, and to cushion the piston, as herein specified.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN GEORGE LEYNER.

Witnesses:

WALTER MERLE MORRIS, ARTHUR AUGUSTUS SELLEOK., 

